Count of persons by state and territory by sex, 2021 Census ABS

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	Male	Female	Total
New South Wales	3,984,166	4,087,995	8,072,163
Victoria	3,200,963	3,302,528	6,503,491
Queensland	2,540,404	2,615,736	5,156,138
South Australia	878,592	902,924	1,781,516
Western Australia	1,322,855	1,337,171	2,660,026
Tasmania	273,765	283,804	557,571
Northern Territory	117,526	115,075	232,605
Australian Capital Territory	224,361	230,140	454,499
Australia(b)	12,545,154	12,877,635	25,422,788

Top 5 capital cities ranking by estimated population 2023 on Wikipedia

Urban area	Population	Area km2	Density
Sydney	5,450,496	2,194	2,484
Melbourne	5,207,145	2,880	1,808
Brisbane-Gold Coast	3,357,798	2,647	1,269
Perth	2,309,338	1,720	1,343
Adelaide	1,446,380	855	1,692

Top 50 significant urban area by esimated population

Rank	Significant Urban Area	State/territory	June 2023 (est.)	June 2011 (est.)	Growth from 2011 to 2023
1	*Melbourne*	Victoria	5,103,528	4,087,822	+24.85%
2	*Sydney*	New South Wales	5,041,275	4,240,340	+18.89%
3	*Brisbane*	Queensland	2,622,585	2,076,608	+26.29%
4	*Perth*	Western Australia	2,289,366	1,817,023	+26.00%
5	*Adelaide*	South Australia	1,426,803	1,245,896	+14.52%
6	Gold Coast–Tweed Heads	Queensland New South Wales	735,213	581,036	+26.53%
7	Newcastle–Maitland	New South Wales	526,515	453,265	+16.16%
8	*Canberra*–Queanbeyan	Australian Capital Territory New South Wales	503,402	405,032	+24.29%
9	Sunshine Coast	Queensland	407,859	303,824	+34.24%
10	Central Coast	New South Wales	348,435	314,941	+10.64%
11	Wollongong	New South Wales	313,745	281,700	+11.38%
12	Geelong	Victoria	302,046	227,957	+32.50%
13	*Hobart*	Tasmania	232,450	198,534	+17.08%
14	Townsville	Queensland	186,734	167,561	+11.44%
15	Cairns	Queensland	160,933	139,212	+15.60%
16	Toowoomba	Queensland	149,817	126,426	+18.50%
17	*Darwin*	Northern Territory	137,002	116,995	+17.10%
18	Ballarat	Victoria	116,390	93,459	+24.54%
19	Bendigo	Victoria	104,883	87,340	+20.09%
20	Albury–Wodonga	New South Wales Victoria	100,095	84,195	+18.88%
21	Launceston	Tasmania	93,364	86,051	+8.50%
22	Mackay	Queensland	88,162	79,683	+10.64%
23	Rockhampton	Queensland	81,937	78,598	+4.25%
24	Bunbury	Western Australia	81,367	67,860	+19.90%
25	Bundaberg	Queensland	77,261	69,095	+11.82%
26	Coffs Harbour	New South Wales	75,838	66,689	+13.72%
27	Hervey Bay	Queensland	60,838	49,835	+22.08%
28	Wagga Wagga	New South Wales	57,807	54,137	+6.78%
29	Shepparton–Mooroopna	Victoria	54,494	47,571	+14.55%
30	Mildura–Buronga	Victoria	54,427	48,505	+12.21%
31	Port Macquarie	New South Wales	51,965	43,275	+20.08%
32	Gladstone	Queensland	47,294	43,166	+9.56%
33	Ballina	New South Wales	47,188	40,674	+16.02%
34	Warragul–Drouin	Victoria	45,597	30,287	+50.55%
35	Tamworth	New South Wales	45,496	40,085	+13.50%
36	Busselton	Western Australia	43,853	31,475	+39.33%
37	Traralgon–Morwell	Victoria	43,739	40,609	+7.71%
38	Orange	New South Wales	42,642	37,785	+12.85%
39	Bowral–Mittagong	New South Wales	41,982	36,266	+15.76%
40	Dubbo	New South Wales	41,801	35,281	+18.48%
41	Geraldton	Western Australia	41,086	36,884	+11.39%
42	Nowra–Bomaderry	New South Wales	39,702	34,604	+14.73%
43	Bathurst	New South Wales	38,339	33,754	+13.58%
44	Albany	Western Australia	37,037	31,791	+16.50%
45	Warrnambool	Victoria	36,238	33,020	+9.75%
46	Devonport	Tasmania	32,848	30,425	+7.96%
47	Mount Gambier	South Australia	30,583	28,279	+8.15%
48	Kalgoorlie–Boulder	Western Australia	30,504	31,933	-4.47%
49	Victor Harbor–Goolwa	South Australia	29,798	24,422	+22.01%
50	Morisset–Cooranbong	New South Wales	29,421	22,644	+29.93%

To find out the city with mildest weather based on mean temperture, rain days and rain in milimeters. Interesting observation

• Rain day in Sydney (144 days/ year) just a little higher than Melbourne (150 days/ year)
• Sydney rain in mm just behind Darwin & Cairns
• Min temp in Alice Springs is lower than Sydney
• Further inland means lower min and higher max (colder winter & hotter summer)
• Canberra mean min temp is lower than Hobart.

If you feel Sydney is too cold or rain too much, you may have few better options

• Brisbane warmer, but more humid
• Perth and Adelaide temp is similar Sydney but drier (less rainy days and less in mm)

Myxdata.com	Canberra	Hobart	Albury	Melbourne	Adelaide	Perth	Alice Springs	Sydney	Brisbane	Cairns	Darwin
Mean Max (°C)	20.9	17.0	22.4	19.9	21.8	24.8	28.9	21.8	26.6	29.7	32.1
Mean Min (°C)	6.7	8.4	9.2	10.3	12.0	12.9	13.2	13.8	16.4	20.6	23.2
Mean Rain (mm)	648	610	647	644	527	722	283	1,221	1,032	2,176	1,723
Mean Rain Days	111	162	113	150	121	108	43	144	124	161	113

Chart of temperature and rain data in some Australian cities

Ranking by median low temperature in ascending order

1. Canberra
2. Hobart
3. Albury
4. Melbourne
5. Adelaide
6. Perth
7. Alice Springs
8. Sydney
9. Brisbane
10. Cairns
11. Darwin

One of the funnies comment about the cold in Ballarat, inner land in Victoria, just about 110km from Melbourne.

“Born and Bred Ballarat. Also married a Scotswoman. Was in Scotland during winter when we got proper snowed in. I was wearing shorts. Ballarat will eat northern winters and spit them out for breakfast. The wind here will tear your skin off in the cold.”

Major cities in Australia maps